A complete guide of week by week fetal development and mother symptoms and her needs - third trimester -2024 update knowledge

The third trimester of pregnancy, spanning from week 28 to birth (typically around week 40), is a period of rapid growth and development for the fetus. During these weeks, the fetus undergoes significant changes in preparation for life outside the womb. As the baby grows rapidly, the mother’s body adjusts to accommodate these changes, often resulting in a variety of symptoms and specific needs. Here's a detailed week-by-week overview of fetal development during the third trimester, what expectant mothers can experience and what they may need during this critical period. 

Week 28:

• Size: The fetus is about 14.8 inches long and weighs around 2.2 pounds.
• Development: The brain is rapidly developing, and the fetus can now blink its eyes, which may have lashes. The lungs continue to mature, and the nervous system is becoming more functional.
• Symptoms: Fatigue, shortness of breath, backaches, and leg cramps.
• Maternal Needs: Adequate rest, light exercise such as walking or prenatal yoga, and a balanced diet rich in calcium and iron. A supportive maternity pillow can help alleviate back pain.

Week 29:

• Size: Approximately 15.2 inches and 2.5 pounds.
• Development: Muscles and lungs continue to mature, and the fetus begins to regulate its own body temperature. Bones are still hardening, though the skull remains soft and flexible for birth.
•  Symptoms:Increased frequency of urination, Braxton Hicks contractions, and possible swelling in feet and ankles.
• Maternal Needs:Frequent bathroom breaks, staying hydrated, and wearing comfortable, supportive footwear. Elevating the feet and using compression stockings can reduce swelling.

Week 30

• Size:Around 15.7 inches and 2.9 pounds.
• Development: The fetus's eyes can move in their sockets. The bone marrow takes over the production of red blood cells. Fat continues to accumulate under the skin, smoothing out wrinkles.
• Symptoms: Heartburn, constipation, and trouble sleeping.
• Maternal Needs: Eating smaller, more frequent meals, avoiding spicy and fatty foods, and increasing fiber intake. Using extra pillows for support and practicing relaxation techniques can improve sleep quality.

 Week 31:

• Size: About 16.2 inches and 3.3 pounds.
• Development:The nervous system is developing more complex functions, and the five senses are coming to life. The lungs are continuing to mature, producing surfactant which helps them inflate after birth.
•  Symptoms:Shortness of breath, back pain, and mood swings.
• Maternal Needs: Gentle exercises to maintain fitness and flexibility, such as prenatal yoga or swimming. Emotional support from friends, family, or a support group can help manage mood swings.

Week 32:

• Size:Roughly 16.7 inches and 3.75 pounds.
• Development:The skin is becoming soft and smooth as fat continues to accumulate. The digestive system is almost fully developed, and the fetus continues to practice breathing movements.
• Symptoms:Varicose veins, stretch marks, and itchy skin.
• Maternal Needs: Wearing compression stockings, moisturizing the skin regularly, and avoiding standing for long periods. Drinking plenty of water and applying vitamin E or aloe vera can soothe itchy skin.

Week 33:

• Size:Approximately 17.2 inches and 4.2 pounds.
• Development: The bones are hardening even more, but the skull remains pliable. The fetus's pupils can now dilate and constrict in response to light.
• Symptoms: Pelvic pressure, increased vaginal discharge, and occasional dizziness.
• Maternal Needs: Pelvic floor exercises (Kegels) to strengthen the pelvic muscles, wearing panty liners for discharge, and rising slowly from sitting or lying positions to prevent dizziness.

Week 34:

Size: About 17.7 inches and 4.7 pounds.

Development:The central nervous system and lungs are continuing to mature. If born prematurely at this stage, the baby would likely do well with medical support.

Symptoms:Backaches, frequent urination, and possible signs of labor (lightening).

Maternal Needs: Using a pregnancy support belt, maintaining good posture, and staying hydrated. Preparing a hospital bag and knowing the signs of labor can provide peace of mind.

Week 35:

• Size:Around 18.2 inches and 5.3 pounds.
• Development: The fetus is gaining weight rapidly, adding about half a pound per week. The kidneys are fully developed, and the liver can process some waste products.
• Symptoms:Fatigue, difficulty sleeping, and Braxton Hicks contractions.
• Maternal Needs: Prioritizing rest, establishing a bedtime routine, and practicing relaxation techniques. Gentle exercise, such as walking, can also help with sleep.

Week 36

• Size:Roughly 18.7 inches and 5.8 pounds.
• Development: The fetus is shedding most of the downy body hair (lanugo) and the waxy coating (vernix caseosa) that protected its skin in the amniotic fluid. The head is usually positioned down in preparation for birth.
• Symptoms:Pelvic pain, increased Braxton Hicks contractions, and shortness of breath.
• Maternal Needs:Using a birthing ball to relieve pelvic pressure, taking warm baths, and practicing deep breathing exercises. Ensuring the hospital bag is ready and discussing the birth plan with the healthcare provider.

Week 37:

• Size:Approximately 19.1 inches and 6.3 pounds.
• Development: Considered early term, the fetus's brain and lungs are still developing, but the baby is getting ready for life outside the womb. The grasp becomes firm.
• Symptoms:Swollen feet and ankles, back pain, and nesting instinct.
• Maternal Needs:Elevating feet, wearing comfortable shoes, and taking breaks during activities. Organizing the home and preparing for the baby’s arrival, while avoiding overexertion.

Week 38:

• Size: About 19.6 inches and 6.8 pounds.
• Development:The lungs are continuing to mature, and the fetus is practicing breathing. The toenails have reached the tips of the toes, and the baby’s head is likely engaged in the pelvis.
• Symptoms:Frequent urination, difficulty sleeping, and strong Braxton Hicks contractions.
• Maternal Needs:Resting when possible, using extra pillows for support, and staying well-hydrated. Practicing relaxation and breathing techniques for labor preparation.

Week 39:

• Size:Around 20 inches and 7.2 pounds.
• Development: At full term, the baby's organs are fully developed and ready for life outside the womb. The baby is continuing to gain weight, and the brain is rapidly developing.
• Symptoms:Increased pelvic pressure, frequent Braxton Hicks contractions, and fatigue.
• Maternal Needs:Continuing pelvic floor exercises, staying active with light exercise, and getting plenty of rest. Finalizing birth plan details and ensuring all preparations for the baby’s arrival are complete.

Week 40:

• Size:Approximately 20 inches and 7.5 pounds, though size can vary.
• Development:The fetus is now considered full term. The baby is ready for birth, continuing to practice breathing, sucking, and swallowing. The amniotic fluid decreases slightly as the baby fills more of the uterus.
• Symptoms: Anxiety about labor, back pain, and strong Braxton Hicks contractions.
• Maternal Needs:Emotional support from partner, family, or friends, practicing relaxation techniques, and staying in close contact with the healthcare provider. Regular monitoring of fetal movements and knowing when to go to the hospital.

 Beyond Week 40:

• Size: Growth may continue slightly.
• Development:If the pregnancy goes beyond 40 weeks, the placenta may start to age, impacting nutrient and oxygen delivery. Regular monitoring by healthcare providers ensures the baby's well-being.
• Symptoms: Increased discomfort, anxiety about overdue pregnancy, and possible decrease in fetal movement.
• Maternal Needs:Frequent prenatal visits for monitoring, discussing induction options with the healthcare provider, and continuing to practice relaxation techniques. Staying calm and prepared for labor.

During the third trimester, the fetus undergoes critical growth and maturation, preparing for the transition to life outside the womb. A mother’s needs center around comfort, rest, nutrition, and emotional support. Regular prenatal care and communication with healthcare providers are essential to ensure both the mother’s and baby’s health and well-being during this crucial time.